Exactly what will it take for...

1.  Biden, DeSantis, Trump and all the other dogmatic, linear-thinking politicians around the globe to recognize we're in a climate emergency?  Biden should be declaring one.

https://www.democracynow.org/2023/7/28/headlines/un_leader_declares_new_era_of_global_boiling_amid_hottest_month_in_human_history

2.  mega companies such as Amazon to realize they need to hire more employees rather than laying off ones they now have on staff? That is to say, IF they really want to have a decent company, then that's what they should do.  Not just more warehouse workers, but more customer service reps as well.  Algorithms rarely can handle customer service adequately.  Of course, such hiring would mean slightly reducing the gazillionaire status of the owners.  Such is not worth consideration by said owners, I guess, eh?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bezos#:~:text=With%20a%20net%20worth%20of,Bloomberg%20Billionaires%20Index%20and%20Forbes.

3.  politicians in countries with nuke weapons to realize how ignorant and/or stupid it is to have such weapons?

https://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article271584102.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-22-mn-25349-story.html

https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2022-04/news/biden-policy-allows-first-use-nuclear-weapons

I must confess, I don't know the definitive answers to those questions.  I only can guess.  One such guess:  unprecedented, massive disasters.

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Be Well

The answers vary greatly:

How do "net zero" and "carbon offsetting"" work?  Are they effective relative to industrial operations?  That depends on who is answering.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62TubVzpiOw&t=1s

To achieve net zero, it often appears that too many companies are relying almost completely on carbon offsetting, with little-to-no emissions reduction.  Such a scenario means those companies can keep polluting for decades.  The question arises:  with the goal of more and more production (which is usually the case in economies pursuing infinite growth), can the offsets keep pace with the ever-increasing amounts of pollution?  No one knows, but ecologically speaking, there's a high degree of probability that the answer is NO.

Other questions:

Relative to natural carbon offsetting (e.g., planting and/or not harvesting trees), what is "Green colonialism"?

Have the proposed machines which will suck CO2 out of the atmosphere been tested at scale?  Will they run on renewable energy?

Net zero and carbon offsetting can be good things, but not if they're used as substitutes for emission reductions.  Reducing the amount of pollutants comes first, then if necessary, offsetting.  Plus, some sort of standards and oversight need to be developed.

Problems with carbon offsetting are presented in great detail here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61SWIYwCaSE&list=WL&index=71  (a must-see clip)

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Not only my opinion.  Be Well